Michael O’Malley, PhD, CAMS, is Director of Model Validation at PNC in Pittsburgh, PA, where he leads the team that validates all models used across the bank. He has twenty-five years’ experience in financial services modeling and model validation. Dr. O’Malley earned his PhD in Economics at MIT and began his career at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in Washington, DC, and subsequently has worked in both private-sector financial institutions and as a consultant.